Evidence · Legal issue collection
Eyewitness and Chance-Witness Evidence in Pakistan
Compare natural, related and chance witnesses in Pakistani criminal cases. These materials discuss presence, consistency, cross-examination and the relationship between eyewitness and supporting evidence.
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Related Witnesses in Murder Cases: Supreme Court Explains When Family Testimony Can Sustain Conviction
Muhammad Imran v. The State and another; Muhammad Fayyaz v. The State through Prosecutor General Punjab and others · Criminal Petitions No. 1381 and 1395 of 2018 · Not approved for reporting; no reported citation stated
The Supreme Court maintained a murder conviction where related eyewitnesses were natural, consistent and promptly reported the occurrence, while medical, ballistic and circumstantial evidence corroborated their account.
Chance Witnesses and Medical Evidence in Murder Trials: Supreme Court Explains Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Mujahid alias Mujahidi and Nadeem alias Deemi v. The State; Badar Zaman v. The State and others · Criminal Petitions No. 356-L and 417-L of 2016 · Approved for reporting; reported citation not stated in the supplied judgment
The Supreme Court acquitted two murder convicts after finding the chance witnesses' presence unexplained, their detailed firing account unnatural, the physical recoveries inconsistent and medical evidence incapable of identifying the assailants.
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More relevant judgments and articles
Eyewitnesses Need Not Count Every Shot: Supreme Court Upholds Murder Conviction
Muhammad Azhar v. The State & another; connected petition: Muhammad Shahzad v. The State & another · J.P. 424 of 2021 a/w Crl.P.L.A. 1567-L of 2021 · Approved for reporting; reporter citation not stated
In Muhammad Azhar v State, the Supreme Court upheld a murder conviction despite a minor shot-count discrepancy and warned against impossible precision in eyewitness accounts.
Benefit of Doubt in Murder Cases: Supreme Court Explains Chance Witnesses, Ballistic Evidence and Unproved Motive
Nazim Ali v. The State etc. · Jail Petition No. 452 of 2022 and Criminal Petition No. 1625-L of 2022 · Not approved for reporting; no reported citation stated
The Supreme Court acquitted a murder convict after finding unexplained chance witnesses, an improbable firing account, an unmatched weapon, forensic inconsistencies, a defective site plan and an unproved motive.