Evidence
Evidence, proof, testimony, and the integrity of the record.
Articles and judgment commentary on admissibility, proof, witness evidence, electronic records, cross-examination, and evidentiary fairness.
12 articles in Evidence
01Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryAppeal Against Acquittal in Pakistan: The Supreme Court TestA judgment-based guide to double presumption of innocence, the two-view rule, material record errors, and Sections 249-A and 265-K Cr.P.C.02Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryAppeal Against Acquittal: Lessons from PLD 2019 SC 261A practical guide to using Khadija Siddiqui v. Shah Hussain to prove material misreading, answer double innocence, and defend an acquittal.03Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal Commentary · Legal NewsAbdul Razzaq Acquitted: Supreme Court Tests Kidnapping-for-Ransom EvidenceThe Supreme Court acquitted Abdul Razzaq after finding the eyewitness account, unmarked cash, call data, recoveries and confinement evidence unsafe.04Criminal Law · Evidence · Constitutional Law · Legal CommentaryNoor Mukadam Case: Zahir Jaffar Review Dismissed by Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court dismissed Zahir Jaffar's review, maintained the murder death sentence, and explained section 510 Cr.P.C., mental incapacity and fair trial.05Civil Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryEllahi Bakhsh Bugti v. Government of Balochistan: Forensic Proof in Departmental InquiriesThe Supreme Court set aside a Service Tribunal judgment because disciplinary guilt rested on unresolved and contradictory evidence, and ordered a three-month de novo inquiry with forensic examination.06Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryBasharat Ali Chaudhry v. Sabir Ali: Secret Recordings, Privacy and Electronic EvidenceThe Supreme Court of Pakistan maintained an acquittal and explained that a clandestine audio or video recording requires lawful procurement, reliable authentication, and respect for privacy before it can be relied upon in a criminal case.07Constitutional Law · Criminal Law · Civil Law · Evidence · Legal CommentarySher Azam v. State: Supreme Court Rejects Chamber Review Without HearingThe Supreme Court held that dismissing a review in chambers without hearing violated Articles 4 and 10-A, with implications for criminal and civil review cases.08Criminal Law · Evidence · Indian Judgments · Legal CommentaryCircumstantial Evidence: Pakistan and India Supreme CourtsCompare 2025 SCMR 1558 with 2025 INSC 793: why Pakistan's Supreme Court acquitted while India's upheld a murder conviction on circumstantial evidence.09Civil Law · Evidence · Constitutional Law · Legal CommentaryWomen's Inheritance in Pakistan: Supreme Court 2026In 2026 SCP 211, the Supreme Court held that an alleged oral gift and mutation cannot defeat women's inheritance without strict, independent proof.10Criminal Law · Evidence · Constitutional Law · Legal CommentarySection 249-A Acquittal: Conflicting Supreme Court ViewsA critical comparison of Pakistani judgments on whether an acquittal under Section 249-A or 265-K Cr.P.C. carries a double presumption of innocence.11Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryPakistan Acid Attack Law: Supreme Court Upholds Life SentenceThe Supreme Court maintained life imprisonment under Section 336-B PPC, ordered Rs1 million compensation, and urged stronger acid control and survivor rehabilitation.12Criminal Law · Evidence · Legal CommentaryWhen a Written Deposition Differs from the Video Record: Supreme Court Clarifies Section 360 Cr.P.C.In Mst. Nayab v. The State, the Supreme Court held that courts must address material differences between video-recorded testimony and the written deposition. The ruling connects Section 360 Cr.P.C. with Article 10-A and explains how the record should be corrected through a judicial memorandum.