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01Civil LawSindh Rent Default and Eviction: Later Non-Payment and Material Impairment ExplainedSupreme Court upholds five Karachi evictions: later rent default, advance payment, court deposits and proof of material impairment. Analysis and judgment PDF.02Criminal LawSection 295-C and Digital Evidence: Qaiser Ayub’s Death Sentence Upheld, Amoon AcquittedSupreme Court upholds Qaiser Ayub’s death sentence but acquits Amoon: digital attribution, shared internet accounts, knowledge and benefit of doubt. Judgment PDF.03Civil LawEx Parte Decree Without Due Service Cannot Stand: Supreme Court Explains Order V Rule 20In Ghulam Mujtaba v. Ghulam Murtaza, the Supreme Court set aside an ex parte decree after defective service and remanded the specific performance suit.04Criminal Law · EvidenceArticle 122 QSO: Wife’s Death at Home Cannot Replace Proof, Supreme Court HoldsIn Salman v. The State, the Supreme Court acquitted a husband after unreliable evidence failed to prove murder. Article 122 QSO could not replace proof.05Service LawSupreme Court: Even Disputed Seniority Cannot Be Changed Without a HearingIn SIP Mukhtiyar Ali Thebo, the Supreme Court of Pakistan recalled its earlier order and required a hearing before a reasoned decision on disputed Sindh Police seniority.06Criminal LawPOCSO Acquittal: Identification Doubts and Missing Teacher Evidence in Charming RuponSupreme Court of India acquits Charming Rupon: identification doubts, missing teacher evidence, unfair medical cross-examination and a credible alibi. Judgment PDF.07Family LawHusband Cannot Block Talaq Process by Withholding Notice, Lahore High Court RulesIn Raheel Ahmad v. Tayyaba Haq, the Lahore High Court held that a wife may report an already communicated talaq while the husband’s notice duty and statutory safeguards remain.08Evidence · Criminal Law · Legal ProfessionCross-Examining a Witness Who Says ‘I Don’t Remember’: Memory, Documents and ContradictionsHow to cross-examine a forgetful witness: practical questions, prior statements and Qanun-e-Shahadat Articles 140 and 155–157, with original source downloads.09Criminal LawBrutality Alone Cannot Justify Death Penalty: Mohinder Singh and the Rarest of Rare TestMohinder Singh v State of Punjab explains mitigation, reform and the rarest of rare test. India's Supreme Court commuted death to life. Download the judgment.10Commercial LawPublic Procurement Rules 2026 Replace 2004 Rules: EPADS, Tender Deadlines and RemediesPakistan's new federal procurement rules require EPADS, revise tender and complaint deadlines, and set blacklisting safeguards. Download the Gazette PDF.11Criminal Law · EvidenceFIA Visa Fraud Bail: Supreme Court on Digital Evidence, Further Inquiry and ConsistencyThe Supreme Court granted bail in an FIA visa-document case on further inquiry, co-accused consistency and non-prohibitory offences, leaving digital evidence for trial.12Commercial LawSales Tax Limitation After Remand: Supreme Court Rejects Unlimited Re-AdjudicationThe Supreme Court held that the statutory adjudication period runs afresh from remand, dismissing the tax Department’s appeal against an order made years too late.13Civil LawRejection of Plaint on Limitation: Supreme Court Requires Maintainability to Be Decided Before AmendmentThe Supreme Court directed the trial court to decide limitation and maintainability independently of a pending plaint amendment, without finally deciding the time bar.14Family Law · Constitutional LawShiqaq Divorce in Pakistan: Supreme Court Distinguishes Khula and Preserves Dower RightsA five-judge Supreme Court Bench sustained dissolution for shiqaq, rejected khula without the wives’ voluntary election and removed dower-surrender orders based solely on khula.15Service LawPunjab Traffic Police: Supreme Court Rejects Repatriation After Permanent Cadre AbsorptionThe Supreme Court upheld relief for Punjab traffic personnel permanently absorbed into their cadre, rejecting their return to the General District Police Cadre.16Service LawEST Physical Education to AEO Promotion: Supreme Court Restores Muhammad Shafiq’s PromotionThe Supreme Court held that a transfer note could not defeat EST Physical Education promotion to AEO under the 2014 Rules and restored promotion with back benefits.17Commercial LawCustoms Vehicle Confiscation in Pakistan: Supreme Court Explains the SRO 499 Redemption BarThe Supreme Court ordered outright confiscation of a vehicle used exclusively for smuggled goods, holding that SRO 499 barred its release on redemption fine.18Service Law · Constitutional LawTermination During Probation in Pakistan: FCC Upholds NUML Decision and Explains Due ProcessThe FCC upheld NUML's termination of a probationer but held that an employer cannot disguise punitive dismissal as unsatisfactory performance to avoid due process.19Civil Law · Commercial Law · EvidenceSpecific Performance of Contract in Pakistan: Property Sale Agreements, Law and Leading CasesSpecific performance of contracts in Pakistan: property sale agreements, readiness, limitation, subsequent buyers and leading Supreme Court cases.20Criminal Law · EvidenceIndian Supreme Court Upholds Acquittal: DNA Match Could Not Fill Gaps in Murder EvidenceIndia’s Supreme Court upheld Anchla’s acquittal: an accepted DNA match did not prove when she was at the scene, while unreliable witnesses and investigation gaps left the chain incomplete.21Service LawProforma Promotion: Supreme Court Rejects Training Objection Against Medically Restricted EmployeeThe Supreme Court upheld consideration of a retired Railways employee for proforma promotion, rejecting a settled training objection and treating medically withheld training as no wilful default.22Criminal Law · Constitutional LawSection 197 CrPC Sanction Is Not Needed Before FIR or Investigation: Supreme Court Explains Section 156(3)India's Supreme Court held in Sri Anumandala Rajesh Reddy v State of Karnataka (2026 INSC 1039) that sanction under Section 197 CrPC operates at cognizance, not at the FIR or Section 156(3) investigation stage.23Criminal Law · Constitutional LawPMLA Cognizance After the BNSS Began: Supreme Court Requires a Hearing for the AccusedIn Parvinder Singh v Directorate of Enforcement (2026 INSC 519), India's Supreme Court set aside cognizance taken after 1 July 2024 without hearing the accused, although the PMLA complaint had been filed earlier.24Service Law · Constitutional LawWhen Can Employees Governed by Non-Statutory Service Rules File an Article 199 Writ? The SESSI and SEPCO Judgments ExplainedThe FCC allowed an Article 199 challenge to SESSI's seniority decision but rejected a SEPCO promotion writ. The employer, the source of the right and the challenged act explain the difference.25Constitutional Law · Civil LawDoctors May Dispense to Own Patients, but Drug Sales Need a Licence: FCCThe FCC held that the Pharmacy Act exception for doctors dispensing to their own patients does not waive drug-sale licensing. It restored show-cause proceedings without deciding whether the doctors had sold drugs.26Constitutional Law · Civil LawHousing Allotment Draw Cannot Override Eligibility Rules: Federal Constitutional CourtThe FCC upheld cancellation of flats allotted to ineligible applicants. Success in a computerized draw did not create a vested right, and a fresh decision after hearing did not amount to contempt.27Service Law · Constitutional LawPunjab Pension Claim Must Follow Service Tribunal Route: FCC Chamber OrderThe Federal Constitutional Court upheld office objections to a direct constitutional pension petition, holding that retired Punjab employees must pursue the applicable service law remedies. It did not decide their pension entitlement.28Constitutional Law · Human RightsFCC Says Pending Lahore Case Bars Parallel Petition Over Healthcare Commission ActionThe FCC upheld objections to a petition over Punjab Healthcare Commission action because the appellant had already filed a Lahore High Court case and statutory appeal.29Constitutional Law · Service LawFCC Rejects OGDCL Recall Bid as Barred Second Review in Pension CaseThe FCC held that OGDCL’s recall application sought substantive reconsideration of a concluded review, so the Registrar properly applied the express second-review bar.30Family Law · Civil LawMaintenance Increase Is Not Compounded Unless Decree Says So: Pakistan Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court held that a 20% annual maintenance increase runs on the original amount when the decree is silent on compounding, while section 17A(3) does not cap a court-ordered increase at 10%.31Civil Law · EvidenceFraud in a Registered Sale Deed Must Be Proved: Pakistan Supreme CourtIn Khurram Rasheed v Ch. Haider Zaman, the Supreme Court restored a trial court decree after finding that allegations of fraud and forgery in a registered house sale were not proved.32Criminal Law · Human RightsJudges Cannot Use Personal Moral Views to Refuse Bail: Supreme Court of IndiaThe Supreme Court of India granted bail in a POCSO case, rejected reliance on the victim family's 'morals', and considered prolonged custody and trial delay.33Constitutional Law · Legal ProfessionFCC Rules 2026 vs Supreme Court Rules 2025: Key ChangesCompare FCC Rules 2026 with Supreme Court Rules 2025: constitutional appeals, benches, filing templates and advocates. Download the full Gazette PDF.34Service Law · Constitutional Law · Civil LawNew Service Rules Cannot Retrospectively Disturb Settled SeniorityThe Supreme Court of Pakistan held that WAPDA's 2018 service rules could operate prospectively but could not unsettle seniority and promotion rights already accrued under the previous regime.35Service Law · Constitutional LawNon-Statutory Service Disputes: A High Court Cannot Decide Merits After Holding a Writ Not MaintainableThe Federal Constitutional Court held that employees governed by non-statutory service policy cannot invoke Article 199 for promotion disputes, and a High Court that declines jurisdiction must not then decide the merits.36Service Law · Constitutional LawDepartmental Inquiries: Employees Cannot Be Punished on Uncharged Allegations and Reinstatement Carries Back BenefitsThe Federal Constitutional Court held that materially enlarged allegations and denial of cross-examination vitiated disciplinary proceedings, and ordered reinstatement with salary arrears and back benefits under constructive continuity.37Criminal Law · Constitutional Law · Human RightsLife-Sentence Remission in Pakistan: Fifteen Years of Actual Imprisonment Remains MandatoryThe Federal Constitutional Court held that ordinary and special remissions cannot reduce a life convict's actual imprisonment below fifteen years unless the sentence is lawfully altered through competent constitutional or statutory power.38Criminal Law · EvidenceIndia’s Supreme Court: Accused May Inspect Unrelied Documents and Seek Specific Records at TrialIn CBI v Anil Dixit (2026 INSC 1064), the Supreme Court allowed inspection of voluminous seized records, with specific documents to be identified and produced at the appropriate trial stage; unavailable records could not be ordered from the CBI.39Civil LawFCC: Shamlat Land Entry Cannot Be Reversed as a Clerical Error After 44 YearsThe Federal Constitutional Court set aside a summary change to a long-standing settlement entry, holding that disputed land rights require proper adjudication and affected possessors must be heard.40Commercial Law · Criminal Law · Constitutional LawLahore High Court: Tax Assessment Is Not a Precondition for an AMLA Money-Laundering InvestigationThe Lahore High Court held that an AMLA investigation based on scheduled income-tax offences may proceed without waiting for final assessment of tax liability, while the prosecution must still prove the predicate offence, proceeds of crime and every element of money laundering.41Criminal Law · Human RightsSupreme Court: Failure to Produce an Undertrial Cannot Defeat Statutory Bail Under Section 497 Cr.P.C.The Supreme Court held that an undertrial cannot be blamed for delay caused by jail or prosecution authorities, and that mere involvement in other cases does not by itself exclude statutory bail.42Constitutional Law · Human RightsIslamabad High Court: Agency Recommendation Alone Cannot Put a Citizen on the Passport Control ListThe Islamabad High Court held that a valid-passport holder cannot be restrained through the Passport Control List merely on an agency recommendation, and struck down the offending part of Rule 22(2)(b).43Constitutional Law · Service Law · Human RightsFederal Constitutional Court: Pre-2022 Workplace Harassment Act Did Not Cover Every Hostile-Workplace ComplaintThe Federal Constitutional Court held that the definition applicable to a 2012-2013 dispute required a sexual or gender-based element and that the High Court could not substitute its factual view in certiorari without a recognized jurisdictional defect.44Evidence · Civil LawSupreme Court: DNA Comparison With Collateral Relatives Is Not Conclusive Proof of ParentageThe Supreme Court held that an indirect DNA comparison with collateral relatives cannot by itself conclusively determine parentage and must be assessed with the complete oral, documentary and official record.45Service Law · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: Later Office Memorandum Cannot Retrospectively Defeat Accrued Time-Scale RightsThe Supreme Court directed federal departments to reassess employees individually within three months, holding that later Office Memorandums cannot operate retrospectively against time-scale benefits that had accrued under the applicable criteria.46Civil Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: Bona Fide Purchase Cannot Defeat Lis Pendens; an Unproved Mutation Cannot Establish TitleThe Supreme Court held that a mutation merely tendered by counsel was not substantive evidence and that a purchaser during pending property litigation remains bound by the eventual decree despite good faith or lack of notice.47Civil Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: An Issue Finally Decided Cannot Be Reopened in a Second Round of LitigationThe Supreme Court applied res judicata and finality to bar a renewed argument that the buyer should have sued for specific performance instead of using Section 77 of the Registration Act, because the same issue had been decided in 1989.48Criminal Law · EvidenceSupreme Court Sets Aside Rape Conviction: Contradictory Testimony Cannot Be Selectively AcceptedIn 2026 INSC 1054, the Supreme Court of India held that a rape conviction could not stand where the prosecutrix's materially contradictory account was rejected for the intertwined abduction charge but selectively accepted under Section 376 IPC.49Criminal Law · Commercial Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: Section 489-F Cannot Be Used to Recover Disputed Business Debt Through Security ChequesThe Supreme Court confirmed pre-arrest bail where the cheque amount materially exceeded the liability found in investigation, supporting the defence that the cheques secured ongoing business dealings rather than a fixed debt.50Criminal Law · Evidence · Human RightsSupreme Court: Medical Bail Cannot Be Rejected Without Assessing Treatment Available in JailThe Supreme Court granted post-arrest bail where the alleged firing role was joint and unspecified, the forensic circumstances required further inquiry, and lower courts had not determined whether a seriously ill 78-year-old accused was receiving adequate treatment in custody.51Family Law · Civil Law · Constitutional LawLahore High Court: Khula Decree Is Not Appealable, but Dower-Return Liability IsThe Lahore High Court held that a Khula decree attains finality, but an appeal remains competent on the wife's civil liability to return dower or other marriage benefits.52Constitutional Law · Legal ProfessionFCC Clarifies Section 8 IRA 2012: Up to 25% of a Trade Union Executive May Be Non-WorkmenThe Federal Constitutional Court held that Section 8(1)(d) of the Industrial Relations Act, 2012 requires at least 75% of a trade union executive to be workmen from the relevant establishment or industry, but permits the remaining up to 25% to include non-workmen.53Family Law · Civil LawFCC Defines Scope of Section 4 MFLO: Children of a Predeceased Brother Cannot Inherit by RepresentationThe Federal Constitutional Court held that Section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance creates representation only for children of a predeceased son or daughter, not children of a predeceased brother.54Criminal Law · EvidenceRelated Witnesses in Murder Cases: Supreme Court Explains When Family Testimony Can Sustain ConvictionThe Supreme Court maintained a murder conviction where related eyewitnesses were natural, consistent and promptly reported the occurrence, while medical, ballistic and circumstantial evidence corroborated their account.55Criminal Law · EvidenceChance Witnesses and Medical Evidence in Murder Trials: Supreme Court Explains Proof Beyond Reasonable DoubtThe Supreme Court acquitted two murder convicts after finding the chance witnesses' presence unexplained, their detailed firing account unnatural, the physical recoveries inconsistent and medical evidence incapable of identifying the assailants.56Criminal Law · EvidenceBenefit of Doubt in Joint Murder Trials: Supreme Court on Co-Accused Acquittal and Contradictory EvidenceThe Supreme Court acquitted a murder convict where the same materially contradictory eyewitness account had already been disbelieved for co-accused and no independent evidence distinguished his case.57Criminal Law · EvidenceMistake of Fact in Criminal Law: Supreme Court Explains Good-Faith Protection Under Sections 76 and 79 PPCThe Supreme Court acquitted a former deputy jail superintendent who acted on apparently genuine but forged court orders, explaining when a good-faith mistake of fact attracts sections 76 and 79 PPC.58Criminal Law · EvidenceBenefit of Doubt in Murder Cases: Supreme Court Explains Chance Witnesses, Ballistic Evidence and Unproved MotiveThe Supreme Court acquitted a murder convict after finding unexplained chance witnesses, an improbable firing account, an unmatched weapon, forensic inconsistencies, a defective site plan and an unproved motive.59Criminal Law · EvidenceSection 34 PPC and Common Intention in Murder Cases: Supreme Court Says Mere Presence Is Not EnoughThe Supreme Court acquitted a man sentenced to life imprisonment for murder after holding that presence at the scene, relationship with the alleged assailants and a subsidiary role did not prove shared intention under section 34 PPC.60Criminal Law · EvidenceNarcotics Recovery From a Vehicle: Supreme Court Explains Conscious Possession and Benefit of DoubtThe Supreme Court acquitted two passengers where the alleged open retention of narcotics during a police chase was inherently improbable, but maintained the driver's conviction because control of the vehicle, flight and recovery near his feet proved conscious possession.61Commercial LawCustoms Valuation Rulings Do Not Expire After 90 Days: Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court held that a valuation ruling under section 25A of the Customs Act remains binding until revised or rescinded; Rule 107's 90-day period concerns valuation data, not the ruling's legal life.62Commercial LawDHA Islamabad Is Not a Local Authority for Section 49 Income Tax Exemption: Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court dismissed DHA Islamabad's four tax appeals, holding that local development functions alone do not establish the statutory attributes of a local authority for section 49(2) exemption.63Service Law · Constitutional LawDefective Departmental Inquiry: Supreme Court Orders Full Exoneration and Back BenefitsThe Supreme Court fully exonerated Nazir Ahmad and granted back pay from 1 August 2017 after accepting the core due-process and evidentiary objections advanced by Aftab Alam Yasir, Advocate Supreme Court.64Commercial LawTax Avoidance Under Section 109: Supreme Court Says Incidental Tax Benefit Is Not EnoughThe Supreme Court dismissed 20 Revenue appeals, holding that a genuine transaction cannot be re-characterised under section 109 merely because it produces a tax benefit; avoidance or reduction of tax must be a main purpose of the transaction.65Service Law · Constitutional LawFive-Year Age Relaxation for Serving Civil Servants Is Automatic: FCCThe Federal Constitutional Court held that eligible serving civil servants in Balochistan receive the five-year upper-age relaxation under Rule 4(1)(ii) automatically and may choose the most beneficial single category under Rule 4(6).66Commercial Law · EvidenceModified Vehicle Customs Classification: Supreme Court Says Original Design Controls PCT 87.02 or 87.03The Supreme Court held that a five-seater motor car does not enter PCT Heading 87.02 merely because it is later stretched to carry ten or more persons; original manufacturer design, VIN data and reliable manufacturer evidence control the classification.67Criminal Law · Constitutional Law · Human RightsMedical Bail in Pakistan: Supreme Court Restates Test for Serious Illness and Specialized TreatmentThe Supreme Court granted post-arrest bail where severe hypertension and cardiac disease required specialized treatment unavailable in jail and continued detention threatened the prisoner's health and life.68Family Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: Nikahnama Dower Columns Must Be Read Together; Property Mahr Cannot Be DefeatedA four-member Supreme Court bench held that Nikahnama entries are primary but rebuttable evidence, Columns 13 to 16 must be read together, and an untransferable dower property may be replaced by its value.69Civil Law · EvidenceGift Mutation and Revenue Records in Pakistan: Supreme Court Explains Presumption of Truth, Proof and Proper ChallengeThe Supreme Court upheld a 1998 gift mutation supported by possession and evidence, holding that longstanding official revenue entries cannot be displaced by a bare allegation without a proper challenge and cogent proof.70Service Law · Constitutional LawFCC: Departmental Delay Cannot Defeat Accrued Service RightsThe Federal Constitutional Court held that an employee who performed the duties of a post and later received Selection Board approval could not be denied incentive allowance because the department convened the Board after his transfer.71Civil Law · EvidencePre-emption Suit Requires Proof of Both Talbs: Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court held that an unexplained delay in Talb-e-Muwathibat and failure to prove delivery of the Talb-e-Ishhad notice were fatal to a pre-emption suit under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pre-emption Act, 1987.72Criminal Law · EvidenceCCTV and USB Evidence Must Be Properly Authenticated, LHC RulesThe Lahore High Court ruled that CCTV and USB evidence must be authenticated through proof of source, originality, identification and safe custody before reliance.73Criminal Law · Evidence · Service LawLHC: Criminal Breach of Trust Requires Dishonest Intent, Not Mere NegligenceThe Lahore High Court held that negligence or inefficiency alone cannot establish criminal breach of trust or corruption without proof of dishonest or fraudulent intent.74Family Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawIHC: Husband Cannot Recover Seven Tolas as Zar-e-Khula Without Nikahnama ProofThe Islamabad High Court held that a Nikahnama recording dower of Rs250,150 in the form of gold ornaments did not prove an agreed weight of seven tolas.75Civil Law · EvidenceLHC: Internal Auction Must Fail Before Open Property Sale Under Punjab Partition ActThe Lahore High Court held that a partition property's open auction requires a lawfully failed internal auction, a reasoned reserve price and compliance with every material safeguard in Sections 10 and 11 of the Punjab Partition of Immovable Property Act, 2012.76Constitutional Law · Civil LawFCC: Special Courts Gain Case-Specific Jurisdiction Over Transferred Civil SuitsThe Federal Constitutional Court held that Section 12A lets a Special Court decide a validly transferred civil suit with the transferor court's powers, without changing its institutional identity.77Civil Law · Evidence · Commercial LawSupreme Court Upholds Partial Specific Performance of Severable Property Sale AgreementPakistan's Supreme Court held that a seller who admitted a joint agreement remained bound for his distinct plot, while relief failed against the co-seller whose execution was not proved.78Criminal Law · Evidence · Human RightsDelayed FIR: Supreme Court Warns Police of Section 201 PPC and ContemptThe Supreme Court upheld a murder conviction but ruled that deliberate police delay in registering an FIR may attract Section 201 PPC, departmental action and contempt proceedings.79Criminal Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: New Section 540 Witness Does Not Automatically Require De Novo TrialThe Supreme Court held that a witness may be summoned under Section 540 Cr.P.C. without a prior Section 161 statement, while disclosure, preparation and effective cross-examination must protect the accused.80Commercial Law · Criminal LawSupreme Court: US$40,000 at Final Airport Check Was Attempted SmugglingThe Supreme Court held that carrying undeclared US$40,000 through immigration to the final airport security check crossed preparation and amounted to attempted smuggling.81Civil Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: C-Class FIR Cancellation Alone Cannot Prove Malicious ProsecutionIn Altaf Hussain v Bayer Crop Science Pakistan, the Supreme Court held that C-Class cancellation of an FIR does not by itself prove malice, absence of reasonable cause, defamation or entitlement to damages.82Service Law · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: CTP Repeater Cannot Claim Seniority With Original BatchIn Federation of Pakistan v Kamran Khan, the Supreme Court held that a probationer who repeats and passes a later Common Training Programme takes seniority with the successful batch, not the original batch.83Family Law · Civil Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: Wife Cannot Retain Dower After Khula if Cruelty Is Not ProvedIn Wajiha Rasheed v Adeel Akhter, the Supreme Court held that a later dissolution decree requiring restoration of dower could make an earlier decree for dower property unserviceable where cruelty was not proved.84Family Law · Civil Law · Constitutional LawLHC: Wife's Ordinary Residence Can Give Family Court Territorial JurisdictionThe Lahore High Court held that a wife's ordinary residence is not confined to permanent residence and restored a Family Court decree from Jahanian.85Service Law · Constitutional LawFCC Rules Contract Service Cannot Count Toward Seniority Without Express Legal AuthorityThe Federal Constitutional Court held that contract service cannot count for seniority without express law and ordered SESSI to issue a revised seniority list.86Criminal Law · Evidence · Human RightsWife's Death at Home: Supreme Court Explains Article 122 QSOIn Habib Ullah v State, the Supreme Court upheld a husband's conviction and explained Articles 122 and 129 QSO in a wife's domestic homicide.87Constitutional Law · Civil Law · Human RightsCivil Contempt: Is the Beneficiary an Aggrieved Person?Comparative authority shows that courts control contempt sanctions, while beneficiaries of disobeyed civil orders retain a direct legal interest in compliance.88Service Law · Civil LawInvalid Resignation Is Not Retirement: Supreme CourtIn Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa v. Mst. Bacha Jehan, the Supreme Court held that a service tribunal may invalidate an unproved resignation but cannot convert it into retirement merely because the employee completed pensionable service.89Civil Law · Family LawDisplaced-Person Land Vests Absolutely: Supreme CourtIn Noor Ahmed v. Mst. Rashida Bibi, the Supreme Court held that land permanently allotted to a displaced person under the 1958 settlement law vested absolutely in the allottee, while an unchallenged allotment could not be displaced through a time-barred civil suit by alleged collateral heirs.90Civil Law · Legal ProfessionLegal Adviser's General Authority Extends to Civil Revision: Supreme CourtIn Central Government v. Tariq Mansoor, the Supreme Court held that a broad authority to defend all departmental court cases ordinarily includes a civil revision arising from the same litigation, unless the appointment order or governing law provides otherwise.91Civil Law · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: Land Rights Cannot Be Cancelled Without Hearing, and the State Gets No Special Limitation ReliefIn Province of Punjab v. Bashir and a connected matter, the Supreme Court protected vested land rights from cancellation without notice and rejected a separate provincial petition filed 4,402 days late.92Criminal LawLHC: Driving a Bus Without a PSV Licence Can Attract Section 322 PPCIn 2026 LHC 5349, the Lahore High Court treated driving a bus without the required PSV entitlement as an unlawful act and refused post-arrest bail under section 322 PPC.93Constitutional Law · Criminal Law · Human RightsFCC: Article 199 Cannot Bypass Statutory LimitationThe Federal Constitutional Court held that a litigant cannot avoid a missed statutory remedy and its limitation period merely by recasting the dispute as an Article 199 fundamental-rights case.94Constitutional Law · Human RightsPIC: Speaker Cannot Classify NA Records Without ReasonsPIC held that National Assembly records cannot be withheld as classified unless recorded reasons show that disclosure harm outweighs the public interest.95Family Law · Constitutional Law · Human RightsSupreme Court Sets Rules for Referring Needy Persons to Pakistan Bait-ul-MalSupreme Court held courts may refer deserving persons to Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal, but the form, amount and duration of aid ordinarily remain for PBM.96Constitutional LawFCC: HEC Equivalence Does Not Guarantee University AdmissionFCC held in Altaf Hussain v Punjab University that HEC degree equivalence proves comparability, not programme eligibility or an automatic admission right.97Service Law · Constitutional LawLHC Rules on Back Benefits After ReinstatementIn 2026 LHC 5569, the Lahore High Court set aside an unreasoned denial of back benefits after reinstatement and ordered a fresh decision within two months.98Criminal Law · Civil Law · Service LawFCC Explains When Criminal Proceedings Must Wait for Civil LitigationThe Federal Constitutional Court held that criminal and departmental proceedings must await a civil court where liability depends on the genuineness of disputed documents.99Constitutional Law · Criminal Law · Human RightsIHC Forms JIT to Recover Missing Minor Esha FatimaIn W.P. No. 2664 of 2026, the Islamabad High Court formed a DIG-led JIT to trace Esha Fatima and required concrete progress reports on every hearing.100Constitutional Law · Civil LawFCCP Sets Aside Recall Order in Cross-Border Child Custody DisputeIn F.C.P.L.A. No. 1183 of 2026, the Federal Constitutional Court set aside a Sindh High Court recall order and explained the framework for cross-border child-return and custody disputes.101Civil LawSupreme Court: Section 152 CPC Cannot Be Used to Add Markup to a Banking DecreeThe Supreme Court held that Section 152 CPC cannot add statutory markup that changes the substance of a banking decree; substantive error must be challenged through appeal or review.102Civil Law · EvidenceSupreme Court: Old Sale Deed and Mutation Alone Cannot Prove Land OwnershipThe Supreme Court held that a 30-year-old document receives only a discretionary presumption and cannot prove title where the transaction, land identity and official revenue record remain doubtful.103Constitutional LawLahore High Court: Meeting Minutes Become Disclosable After Final DecisionIn 2026 LHC 5409, the Lahore High Court held that meeting minutes lose their section 7(b) exclusion after the public body takes a final decision.104Commercial Law · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: Government-Requested Price Fixing Still Violates Competition ActThe Supreme Court upheld PVMA's liability for collectively fixing reduced ghee and cooking-oil prices, but cut the penalty from Rs 50 million to Rs 30 million.105Civil Law · Constitutional LawFCC: No Enhanced Land Compensation Without a Section 18 ReferencePakistan's Federal Constitutional Court held that landowners who accepted an acquisition award or missed Section 18 cannot claim compensation enhanced in another owner's case.106Civil Law · Constitutional LawSupreme Court: Government Delay in Gazette Publication Cannot Defeat Employee SeniorityThe Supreme Court restored employees' seniority, holding that a six-year Gazette delay caused by the government could not defeat statutory regularization from 7 March 2018.107Constitutional LawSindh High Court Orders Qualified Regular NIRC ChairmanThe Sindh High Court directed the federal government to appoint a qualified regular NIRC chairman, saying a stopgap label cannot confer statutory powers.108Criminal Law · Constitutional LawPunishment Without Learning: Why Pakistan Must Interview Convicted Child-Sex OffendersPakistan should interview convicted child-sex offenders to identify offence pathways, warning signs and prevention points without weakening punishment.109Constitutional Law · Criminal LawModel Town Tragedy: Najafi Report and State AccountabilityTwelve years after 14 deaths, the Najafi Report, stalled JIT and unfinished trial expose a continuing failure of State accountability in Model Town.110Civil Law · Constitutional LawNasira Begum Case: Deeming Clause Automatically Regularized Contract EmployeesThe Supreme Court held that Section 11's amended deeming clause changed qualifying PICO employees' status by operation of law; administrative delay could not defeat it.111Criminal Law · EvidenceAppeal Against Acquittal in Pakistan: The Supreme Court TestA judgment-based guide to double presumption of innocence, the two-view rule, material record errors, and Sections 249-A and 265-K Cr.P.C.112Criminal Law · EvidenceAppeal Against Acquittal: Lessons from PLD 2019 SC 261A practical guide to using Khadija Siddiqui v. Shah Hussain to prove material misreading, answer double innocence, and defend an acquittal.113Criminal Law · Constitutional LawInfirmity Is an Independent Ground for Bail under Section 497 Cr.P.C.: Lahore High CourtThe Lahore High Court granted post-arrest bail to a prisoner with Parkinsonism, holding that infirmity is distinct from an ordinary medical-treatment plea.114Criminal Law · EvidenceAbdul Razzaq Acquitted: Supreme Court Tests Kidnapping-for-Ransom EvidenceThe Supreme Court acquitted Abdul Razzaq after finding the eyewitness account, unmarked cash, call data, recoveries and confinement evidence unsafe.115Criminal Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawNoor Mukadam Case: Zahir Jaffar Review Dismissed by Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court dismissed Zahir Jaffar's review, maintained the murder death sentence, and explained section 510 Cr.P.C., mental incapacity and fair trial.116Civil Law · Constitutional LawRemanded Cases Cannot Wait Without a Stay: Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court held that remanded cases must proceed unless expressly stayed and ordered an eight-year-old civil suit concluded within two months.117Civil Law · Constitutional LawNajma Parveen Case: Contract Service Counts for Pension, Not SeniorityThe Supreme Court held that uninterrupted contract service followed by regularization counts for pension, but not seniority, backdated status or increments.118Criminal Law · Constitutional LawJalat Khan v. State: Bail under the Foreigners Act and the Section 14A BarThe Supreme Court held that section 14A's bail bar applies to knowing illegal entry under section 14(2), not a tentative section 14(1) overstay case.119Civil Law · EvidenceEllahi Bakhsh Bugti v. Government of Balochistan: Forensic Proof in Departmental InquiriesThe Supreme Court set aside a Service Tribunal judgment because disciplinary guilt rested on unresolved and contradictory evidence, and ordered a three-month de novo inquiry with forensic examination.120Constitutional Law · Environmental LawProvince of Sindh v. Javed Iqbal Barqi: Technical Qualifications for DG SEPAThe Federal Constitutional Court held that a transfer notification could not displace the statutory technical qualifications for Director General of the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency.121Civil LawPTCL v. Abdul Ghafoor: Temporary Labels Do Not Decide Worker StatusIn C.P.L.A. No. 4444 of 2023, the Federal Constitutional Court held that a workman’s legal status turns on the real nature, continuity and duration of the work, not an employer’s temporary label. A continuing denial of permanent-workman benefits can remain a recurring wrong during employment.122Criminal LawQisas and Ta’zir in Murder Cases: The Rule in Zahid Rehman v. The StatePLD 2015 SC 77 holds that Qisas and Ta’zir are mutually exclusive regimes. It confines sections 306–308 and section 311 PPC to Qisas cases and explains why compromise in a Ta’zir case must be approached differently.123Criminal LawSuccessive Bail Applications: Supreme Court Clarifies Fresh Grounds and Withdrawal SimpliciterPLD 2014 SC 241 explains when a successive bail or suspension-of-sentence application needs a genuinely fresh ground, why a withdrawal after merits arguments is not a reset, and how prior bail history must be disclosed.124Constitutional Law · Civil LawProvince of Sindh v. Zulfiqar Khushk: PMS Rules 2018, Service Tribunal Jurisdiction and Executive PolicyThe Federal Constitutional Court upheld the Sindh Civil Servants (Provincial Management Service) Rules, 2018. It held that the constitutional petition was maintainable to test the Rules' validity, but the Rules neither exceeded the parent statute nor caused an unlawful cadre merger or discrimination.125Constitutional Law · Civil LawBoard of Revenue, KP v. Habib-ur-Rehman: Sub-Registrar Appointments, Article 199 and Statutory RulesThe Federal Constitutional Court held that executive authorities cannot bypass binding service rules through additional-charge appointments, and that Article 212 did not bar a writ enforcing those rules.126Constitutional Law · Civil LawOGDCL v. Dr. Capt. (R) Nusrat Hussain: Section 9A Benefits, Corporate Succession and LachesBy a 2–1 majority, the Federal Constitutional Court set aside an order granting Section 9A benefits because the claim did not fit the statutory framework and had become stale in Article 199 jurisdiction.127Constitutional Law · Civil LawMuhammad Akram v. National Bank of Pakistan: Pension Rights, Finality and Time-Barred ReviewThe Federal Constitutional Court held that pension benefits are vested and enforceable, rejected an attempt to bypass limitation through Article 199, and restored finality to a 2008 reinstatement order.128Criminal Law · EvidenceBasharat Ali Chaudhry v. Sabir Ali: Secret Recordings, Privacy and Electronic EvidenceThe Supreme Court of Pakistan maintained an acquittal and explained that a clandestine audio or video recording requires lawful procurement, reliable authentication, and respect for privacy before it can be relied upon in a criminal case.129Constitutional LawPeshawar High Court Bar Association v. Shabbir Hussain: Article 199 and the Advocate’s Right to PractiseThe Federal Constitutional Court held that Article 199(1)(c) can enforce fundamental rights against a Bar Council, and that suspending advocates for representation or court appearance during a strike infringed Article 18.130Constitutional LawPunjab Assembly's Judicial Committee under Section 11-C: A New Institutional Chapter in Parliamentary PrivilegeA legal analysis of the Punjab Assembly Judicial Committee announced in July 2026, the statutory pathway in Sections 11B-11D, and the chairmanship of Sardar Muhammad Awais Dreshak.131Criminal LawWhen Can a Child Accused of Murder Be Tried as an Adult? Supreme Court Clarifies the Legal TestIndia’s Supreme Court explains when a 16-year-old accused of murder may be tried as an adult and how Juvenile Justice Boards must assess the child.132Criminal LawSamleti Bus Blast: Supreme Court Sets Aside Death Sentence for Denial of Legal RepresentationSupreme Court of India set aside Dr Abdul Hameed’s death sentence and ordered a de novo trial after denial of effective legal representation.133Criminal LawSection 561-A CrPC: Quashing After CognizanceIn Aurangzaib Alamgir v. Muhammad Sajid, the Supreme Court held that cognizance alone does not justify dismissing a Section 561-A CrPC petition without examining whether the record discloses abuse of process.134Constitutional Law · Environmental LawMehar Badshah v. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Article 9A and Environmental Rights in PakistanA critical analysis of PLD 2025 SC 36, an early Supreme Court application of Article 9A to deforestation, forest preservation, and governmental accountability.135Constitutional LawJustice A. R. Cornelius (1903–1991): Constitutional Conscience, Judicial Method, and the Limits of Hero-WorshipA critical study of Justice A. R. Cornelius, his constitutional dissents, rights jurisprudence, judicial method, and the limits of his legacy in Pakistan.136Civil LawChild Maintenance Increase in Pakistan: Simple or Compound?In 2026 SCP 167, Pakistan's Supreme Court ruled that an annual maintenance increase is simple unless the decree expressly requires compounding.137Constitutional Law · Criminal Law · Civil Law · EvidenceSher Azam v. State: Supreme Court Rejects Chamber Review Without HearingThe Supreme Court held that dismissing a review in chambers without hearing violated Articles 4 and 10-A, with implications for criminal and civil review cases.138Criminal Law · EvidenceCircumstantial Evidence: Pakistan and India Supreme CourtsCompare 2025 SCMR 1558 with 2025 INSC 793: why Pakistan's Supreme Court acquitted while India's upheld a murder conviction on circumstantial evidence.139Civil Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawWomen's Inheritance in Pakistan: Supreme Court 2026In 2026 SCP 211, the Supreme Court held that an alleged oral gift and mutation cannot defeat women's inheritance without strict, independent proof.140Criminal Law · Evidence · Constitutional LawSection 249-A Acquittal: Conflicting Supreme Court ViewsA critical comparison of Pakistani judgments on whether an acquittal under Section 249-A or 265-K Cr.P.C. carries a double presumption of innocence.141Civil LawPooja Ramesh Singh: Supreme Court on Fake AI CitationsIn 2026 INSC 668, the Supreme Court of India set aside NCLT and NCLAT orders that relied on fake AI-generated precedents. Read the holding and critique.142Constitutional Law27th Constitutional Amendment: A Critique of Pakistan’s JudiciaryPakistan’s 27th Amendment created a Federal Constitutional Court and redistributed judicial power. This analysis examines its benefits, risks, and safeguards.143Civil Law · Constitutional LawMinor's Property Compromise Requires Court Leave: FCCP 2026The FCCP held that a compromise affecting minors' property cannot stand without a lawful guardian, express court leave, and protection of the minors' best interests.144Constitutional Law · Civil LawMonal Restaurant Judgment 2026: FCCP Reopens Lease DisputeThe FCCP set aside key parts of the Monal Restaurant judgment, restored civil trials over lease and rent, and clarified CDA and wildlife-board authority.145Constitutional Law · Criminal LawSection 17(3) Contempt Hearing Is Mandatory: Supreme CourtIn Hira Rauf, the Supreme Court held that Section 17(3) requires a preliminary hearing before cognizance or framing a contempt charge.146Constitutional Law · Civil LawNai Gaj Dam Judgment: Article 199 Cannot Rewrite an Arbitral AwardPakistan's Federal Constitutional Court set aside Sindh High Court orders altering the Nai Gaj Dam contract and preserved arbitral finality under Article 199.147Criminal Law · EvidencePakistan Acid Attack Law: Supreme Court Upholds Life SentenceThe Supreme Court maintained life imprisonment under Section 336-B PPC, ordered Rs1 million compensation, and urged stronger acid control and survivor rehabilitation.148Civil LawCan an Executing Court Block a CNIC for a Money Decree? Supreme Court Limits Section 51(e) CPCIn Agha Abid Majeed Khan v. Idrees Ahmed, the Supreme Court held that an executing court in Sindh cannot use the general power under Section 51(e) CPC to block a judgment debtor's CNIC for enforcement of a money decree. The Court treated the CNIC as essential to ordinary life and distinguished the express rule applicable in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.149Criminal Law · EvidenceWhen a Written Deposition Differs from the Video Record: Supreme Court Clarifies Section 360 Cr.P.C.In Mst. Nayab v. The State, the Supreme Court held that courts must address material differences between video-recorded testimony and the written deposition. The ruling connects Section 360 Cr.P.C. with Article 10-A and explains how the record should be corrected through a judicial memorandum.150Civil LawChief Ministers Pledge Nationwide Prison Reform in Islamabad DeclarationProvincial leaders commit to reducing overcrowding, expanding bail and rehabilitation, and coordinating prison reform nationwide.